Glossary

What is ibuprofen? Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID. This means that it reduces inflammation and relieves pain without the use of steroids. Acetaminophen is a similar over-the-counter pain reliever, but lacks the ability to reduce inflammation. There are a number of different ibuprofen brands, however, the actual components of the medicine remain the same between brands even though the inert ingredients may be different and the medicine may look different. Whereas acetaminophen is processed by the liver, ibuprofen is processed by the stomach. It can be hard on the stomach and in some cases may cause stomach upset, gastritis, and ulcers. Mixing ibuprofen with alcohol may exacerbate this side effect. Ibuprofen can be very useful after certain types of procedures where inflammation is present, such as after dental surgery, but it’s important to get the dosage right. Adult, child, and infant ibuprofen dosage varies, and you should consult a physician before administering.

The Iliac crest is the superior part of the Ilium, which is the largest of the three bones that make up the pelvis. It can serve as a site of autogenous bone grafts for dental work. Patients may require a bone graft following some dental procedures and prior to receiving implants or prostheses. The Iliac crest is often a good location from which to harvest bone for dental bone grafts. The Iliac crest also has medical implications, as both the latissimus dorsi and gluteus maximus originate in this area. These major muscles can cause pain or discomfort in the iliac crest due to strain, injury, or tension. Issues with these muscles or with the Iliac crest itself may become obvious when an individual experiences pain after sitting.

An iliac graft, or an iliac crest autogenous bone graft, is a type of bone graft used for a wide variety of surgeries, including periodontal surgery to restore lost jawbone. Other surgeries using iliac grafts include but are not limited to the repair of joint arthrodesis, the treatment of bone defects, infections, and osteonecrosis, and the repair of particularly challenging bone fractures. Both the anterior and posterior surfaces of the iliac crest are used for bone grafting, and the crest itself is the most frequently used source of bone for autogenous bone grafting. This is because it is a superb source of both cancellous and cortical bone and is easy to access compared to other sources of autogenous bone. There are some risks associated with an iliac graft, including pain, redness and swelling of the incision site, infection, bleeding, and in very rare cases, splanchnic or neurologic damage.

Surgical procedures and other medical treatments are complex and require immense skill on the part of the treating physician. Adequate visualization of the area of the body being treated is critical; without it, the rate of complications is significantly higher. However, many areas of the body are difficult to see, particularly in the oral cavity. Image guidance is a newer technology in the field of dentistry that allows dental health professionals to visualize different areas of the mouth before and during the procedure. In the past, implants were typically done only using x-ray technology, which left more room for error. Image guidance is now the preferred method for placing dental implants. CBCT images are obtained and CAD technology is used to “place” the implants virtually in a highly accurate, computerized surgical guide. Image guidance has eliminated the need for a flap in a large number of implant surgeries, reducing the risk of potential complications.

Image stitching, also called photo stitching, is the process of merging multiple photographs together to create a single high resolution or panoramic image. Image stitching is most often done via computer using specific software designed to sense areas of overlap and combine them. The overlaps need to be as exact as possible and the exposures identical to elicit a final image with no visible seams. Because the illumination in two separate images could differ, even if the images are taken in quick succession, image stitching could result in seams between the images. Depending on the application, these seams may or may not be significant. In the field of dentistry, photo stitching is often used for x-rays and CAD/CAM images. This is because it’s not possible to organically capture an image of the entire mouth in one sitting; instead, multiple images from different angles must be obtained and fused together.

With traditional implant dentistry, the dental implant hardware is given time to heal before the prosthetic is loaded onto the abutment. However, many patients dislike this option because it requires approximately three to twelve months for the final dental restoration to be completed. In cases where the implant will be done in the front of the mouth, the long wait is particularly concerning. Immediate implant placement, is a newer type of procedure that allows dental restorations to be completed much more quickly, greatly reducing a patient’s time-to-teeth. Immediate implant placement may be done when appropriate at the same time the natural tooth is removed. Immediate loading, also called immediate function, is the loading of a temporary dental restoration or crown into the implanted abutment directly after it is placed. In some cases, patients may be able to have a tooth removed and a temporary tooth placed in the same day.

In implant dentistry, there are two types of immediate loading: immediate occlusal loading and immediate non-occlusal loading. Immediate occlusal loading occurs when a dental implant is placed with adequate initial stability and the corresponding dental restoration features full centric occlusion in max intercuspation. This type of loading must be done within 48 hours of the placement of the dental implant hardware. The process of immediate occlusal loading is determined by the design of the dental prosthetic to eliminate the potential for micromotion at the implant site. Immediate non-occlusal loading occurs when a dental implant is placed with adequate initial stability but isn’t in functional occlusion. This type of loading is generally exclusively used for aesthetic-only dental implants or for short-term applications. Often, immediate non-occlusal loading is done to provide patients with a temporary tooth replacement while the dental implant hardware heals, especially when patients prefer not to use a removable prosthesis.

Immediate occlusal loading refers to a clinical protocol for the placement and subsequent application of force on dental implants where there is either a fixed or removable restoration in occlusal contact with the opposing dentition. Immediate occlusal loading takes place during the same clinical visit in which the restoration was performed. Immediate occlusal loading allows the new implant, prosthesis, or restoration to come in contact with the opposing teeth directly following the procedure. Though studies have not shown a significant difference in the success or longevity between immediate occlusal loading and non-occlusal loading, a variety of factors can affect the overall life of the restoration. These factors are largely patient-based and include chewing habits, medical history, oral care and hygiene, clenching of the jaw, and injury. In some cases, component failure can also cause the restoration to fail as can an error on the part of the dental professional.

Immediate placement, or immediate implant placement, is the placement of a dental implant into the extraction socket immediately following the extraction procedure. This employs an opposite method than that of non-immediate or delayed placement where subsequent visits are scheduled for the insertion of the implant. Immediate placement is often preferred by patients since less time is required to achieve the end result, there are fewer surgeries needed, and costs may be lower due to fewer office visits. When performed correctly, immediate implant placement has the same success and longevity rates as delayed placement and has been found to preserve soft tissue and bone at the site of the implant. However, prior to selecting this placement method, a patient’s dental history and bone and tissue condition should be closely evaluated to ensure the proper conditions for immediate implant placement are met. Failure to do so prior to placement may result in the failure of the implant.

Immediate provisionalization refers to a clinical protocol for the placement of an interim prosthesis, with or without occlusal contact with the opposing dentition, at the same clinical visit. Prior to the placement of an implant, extraction of the infected or damaged tooth is required. In the past, the patient has then been fitted with a removable prosthesis for the extraction site until the permanent implant is placed. However, the use of immediate provisionalization has been shown to have several benefits. This method not only aides in bone stabilization and the prevention of bone loss, but also has high rates of patient satisfaction. Following the extraction, an implant is immediately placed in the fresh extraction site and non-functionally loaded with an infra-occlusion provisional restoration. In addition to its bone stabilizing effects, immediate provisionalization has also been shown to reduce the treatment time required and provide patients with immediate social and psychological well-being.