Bones consist of a hard material that is referred to as the ‘bone matrix.’ This material helps to strengthen the bones. Within this matrix are living bone cells. These cells are responsible for making and maintaining the matrix. The living bone cells in the matrix are vital to the bone rejuvenation and healing processes.
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are growth factors that are present in the bone matrix. These BMPs can induce bone cartilage to form. It is believed that these bone morphogenetic proteins constitute a group of fundamental morphogenetic signals. In addition, BMP signaling is involved in regulating adipose tissue: various family members play different, sometimes totally opposite, roles.
Recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs) are commonly used for oral surgery. These BMPs are approved for use by the FDA. Molecular clones of bone morphogenetic proteins have demonstrated they are a family of connected differentiation factors, each of which is capable of promoting new bone tissue formation following implantation.